Systolic Heart Failure

Depending on the part of the heart’s pumping cycle that’s been affected, heart failure can be of two types – diastolic and systolic. You can learn more about the symptoms, causes, treatment of diastolic dysfunction and differentiation from systolic dysfunction in our previous article.

Systolic heart failure occurs due to a problem in the heart’s contraction (or systolic) phase. It’s characterized by stretching and weakening of the left ventricular muscle, due to which the heart pumps out less oxygenated blood to the body.

It’s also known as heart failure with reduced ejection infraction. As the condition worsens, it can also weaken the right ventricle and take a toll on its pumping power too.

Causes Of Systolic Heart Failure

Hypertension (the left ventricle has to use increased pressure to pump blood through the body)

Coronary artery disease (buildup of cholesterol in the arteries) – with or without a heart attack.

Dilated cardiomyopathy (weakening of the left ventricle due to an infection or long-term exposure to alcohol and narcotics)

Abnormal heart rhythm (also known as atrial fibrillation)

Previous heart attack

Symptoms Of Systolic Heart Failure

Breathlessness – initially on exertion and in later stages even at rest or lying down. 

Swelling of feet, face, abdomen – due to fluid accumulation in various organs 

Engorged and pulsatile neck veins

Confusion (due to a lack of oxygen supply in the brain)

Weight gain (due to a buildup of excess fluid in the body)

Fatigue (due to reduced blood supply to the muscles)

Pale or bluish skin tone (due to restricted blood supply to the skin and other vital organs).

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                                   Heart attack and their Impact

A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction (MI), occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart muscle is severely reduced or completely blocked. This usually happens due to a blood clot that forms in one of the coronary arteries, which supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.

Blockage Formation: The most common cause of a heart attack is atherosclerosis, a condition in which fatty deposits called plaques build up on the inner walls of the coronary arteries. These plaques can rupture, leading to the formation of blood clots.

Blood Flow Obstruction: When a blood clot becomes large enough, it can block the blood flow through a coronary artery. This reduces or cuts off the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle tissue downstream from the blockage.

Heart Muscle Damage: Without sufficient oxygen and nutrients, the heart muscle cells begin to die. This damage to the heart muscle tissue is what defines a heart attack. The severity of the damage depends on factors such as the size of the blocked artery and how quickly medical treatment is received.

Symptoms of a heart attack can vary, but they often include:

Chest Pain: This is the most common symptom. It's often described as a feeling of pressure, tightness, heaviness, or a squeezing sensation in the chest. The pain can radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, back, or stomach.

Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing or feeling like you can't catch your breath.

Sweating:  Cold sweat, often accompanied by nausea.

Lightheadedness or Dizziness: Feeling faint or dizzy.

Fatigue: Unusual tiredness or lack of energy.

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                                                            Blood flow in heart

Blood flow in the heart is a crucial process that ensures the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to all the cells in the body. The heart is a muscular organ that functions as a pump to circulate blood through a network of blood vessels. The process of blood flow in the heart can be summarized as follows:

Deoxygenated Blood Entry: Deoxygenated blood, which is low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide, enters the right atrium of the heart through two large veins: the superior vena cava (which brings blood from the upper body) and the inferior vena cava (which brings blood from the lower body).

Right Atrium Contraction: The right atrium contracts, pushing the deoxygenated blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle.

Right Ventricle Contraction: The right ventricle contracts, pumping the deoxygenated blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery.

Pulmonary Circulation: The pulmonary artery carries the deoxygenated blood to the lungs, where it picks up fresh oxygen and releases carbon dioxide through the process of respiration. Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins.

Oxygenated Blood Entry: Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium of the heart through the pulmonary veins.

Left Atrium Contraction: The left atrium contracts, pushing the oxygenated blood through the bicuspid (mitral) valve into the left ventricle.

Systemic Circulation: The aorta carries the oxygenated blood to various parts of the body through a network of arteries and arterioles. Oxygen and nutrients are delivered to the cells, and carbon dioxide and waste products are collected.

Deoxygenated Blood Return: Deoxygenated blood, which has given up its oxygen and nutrients, is collected through venules and veins and brought back to the heart via the superior and inferior vena cava, restarting the cycle.

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                                  Combatting Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiologists are medical doctors who specialize in diagnosing and treating various heart and cardiovascular conditions. They can provide you with guidance, recommendations, and treatment options based on your specific situation.

Primary Care Physician: If you haven't already, you could start by scheduling an appointment with your primary care physician (general practitioner). They can assess your symptoms and medical history, and if necessary, refer you to a cardiologist for specialized care.

Cardiologist Referral: If your primary care physician believes that your condition warrants the expertise of a cardiologist, they will provide you with a referral. You can also research and find a cardiologist on your own if you prefer.

Appointment Preparation: Before your appointment with the cardiologist, it's a good idea to gather information about your medical history, family history of cardiovascular disease, any symptoms you're experiencing, and any medications you're currently taking.

Appointment: During your appointment with the cardiologist, you'll have the opportunity to discuss your concerns, ask questions, and receive a thorough evaluation. The doctor may order tests such as blood tests, electrocardiograms (ECGs or EKGs), echocardiograms, stress tests, or other imaging studies to help diagnose your condition.

Diagnosis and Treatment: Based on the evaluation and test results, the cardiologist will provide you with a diagnosis and recommend a treatment plan. This could include lifestyle changes (diet, exercise), medications, or in some cases, procedures or surgeries.

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                                      Stroke Prevention:Knowledge is Key

The effects of a stroke can be devastating, often resulting in physical and cognitive impairments, including paralysis, difficulty speaking or understanding language, and memory problems. Recognizing the signs of a stroke and seeking immediate medical attention is crucial, as quick intervention can minimize the damage and improve the chances of recovery.

Common symptoms of a stroke include sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side of the body), sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech, sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes, sudden severe headache with no known cause, and difficulty walking or maintaining balance. Preventive measures such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can significantly reduce the risk of stroke.

 

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          17th Edition of International Conference on Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

 

The conferences generally cover a wide range of motifs in cardiology and cardiovascular drug, including introductory exploration, clinical exploration, and translational exploration. Some of the common motifs that are covered at these conferences include heart complaint, heart failure, cardiovascular imaging, interventional cardiology, cardiovascular genetics, epidemiology, cardiovascular complaint forestallment, and numerous further. In addition to donations and lectures, the conferences frequently include bill sessions, shops, roundtables, and other interactive conditioning that give openings for attendees to network and unite with one another. The conferences are attended by a different group of professionals, including cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, nursers, experimenters, and representatives from the pharmaceutical assiduity.

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