International Conference on Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

Atrial Fibrillation Explained: Causes, Risks, and Treatment Options

Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common type of irregular heartbeat, affecting millions worldwide. It occurs when the heart’s upper chambers (atria) beat out of sync with the lower chambers, leading to poor blood flow and increasing the risk of stroke, heart failure, and other complications.

Causes of Atrial Fibrillation

AFib can be triggered by various factors, including:
✔️ High blood pressure
✔️ Heart disease (coronary artery disease, heart failure)
✔️ Hyperthyroidism or hormonal imbalances
✔️ Excessive alcohol or caffeine consumption
✔️ Sleep apnea
✔️ Genetic predisposition

Risks Associated with AFib

If left untreated, AFib can lead to serious complications such as:
🔴 Stroke – Blood clots formed in the heart can travel to the brain.
🔴 Heart Failure – Inefficient pumping can weaken the heart over time.
🔴 Cognitive Decline – Reduced blood flow may contribute to dementia.

Treatment Options for AFib

There are several ways to manage AFib based on its severity:
✅ Medications: Blood thinners, beta-blockers, and anti-arrhythmic drugs help control heart rate and prevent clots.
✅ Lifestyle Changes: Reducing stress, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding alcohol can improve heart function.
✅ Cardioversion: A controlled electric shock can restore normal rhythm.
✅ Ablation Therapy: Catheter-based procedures can destroy areas causing abnormal signals.
✅ Pacemakers & Devices: Some patients may require an implantable device for rhythm regulation.