International Conference on Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

"Heart Valve Disease in Older Adults: Signs and Treatment Options"

Heart valve disease (HVD) is a common condition among older adults, occurring when one or more of the heart’s four valves fail to function properly. These valves—mitral, aortic, tricuspid, and pulmonary—are responsible for ensuring blood flows in the correct direction. As we age, the valves may thicken, stiffen, or develop leaks, leading to various complications.

Common Signs of Heart Valve Disease

HVD can progress gradually, making early detection challenging. Some common symptoms include:
✅ Shortness of breath – Especially during physical activities or while lying down.
✅ Fatigue – Feeling excessively tired even after mild exertion.
✅ Chest pain or tightness – A sign that the heart is struggling to pump blood.
✅ Irregular heartbeat (palpitations) – A fluttering or racing heart sensation.
✅ Dizziness or fainting – Due to poor circulation and inadequate oxygen supply.
✅ Swollen ankles and feet – A result of fluid buildup due to poor heart function.

If you or a loved one experiences these symptoms, consulting a doctor for a heart evaluation is crucial.

Diagnosis and Medical Evaluation

A cardiologist will use various diagnostic tools to assess heart valve function, including:
🩺 Echocardiogram – Uses ultrasound to visualize valve movement.
🩺 Electrocardiogram (ECG) – Measures electrical activity in the heart.
🩺 Chest X-ray – Detects heart enlargement or fluid buildup.
🩺 Cardiac MRI or CT Scan – Provides detailed imaging of the heart structure.

Treatment Options for Heart Valve Disease

1. Medications

Although medications cannot repair a damaged valve, they help manage symptoms and reduce complications. These may include:
💊 Diuretics – Reduce fluid buildup.
💊 Beta-blockers – Control heart rate and blood pressure.
💊 Anticoagulants – Prevent blood clots in certain valve conditions.

2. Minimally Invasive Procedures

For patients with moderate valve disease, catheter-based procedures may be an option:
🔹 Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) – A minimally invasive procedure for replacing the aortic valve without open-heart surgery.
🔹 Balloon Valvuloplasty – Helps open stiffened heart valves.

3. Surgical Valve Repair or Replacement

In advanced cases, surgery may be necessary to repair or replace the damaged valve. Options include:
🔹 Valve Repair – Fixes the existing valve structure.
🔹 Valve Replacement – Uses mechanical or biological (tissue) valves.

Living with Heart Valve Disease

Maintaining heart health is essential for managing valve disease. Seniors should:
✅ Follow a heart-healthy diet (low sodium, high fiber).
✅ Stay active with doctor-approved exercises.
✅ Manage blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
✅ Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.