What Is Cerebrovascular Disease?
Cerebrovascular disease refers to a group of conditions that affect blood flow to the brain. These problems involve the blood vessels — arteries and veins — that supply the brain with oxygen and nutrients. When blood flow is disrupted, brain cells can begin to die within minutes, resulting in potentially permanent damage.
Common Types of Cerebrovascular Disease
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Stroke
A sudden loss of brain function due to interrupted blood flow. It can be:-
Ischemic (caused by a blockage)
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Hemorrhagic (caused by a rupture)
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Brain Aneurysm
A weak area in a blood vessel wall that bulges outward and may burst, causing internal bleeding. -
Brain Bleeds (Hemorrhagic Stroke)
Bleeding into or around the brain, typically due to a ruptured vessel. -
Carotid Artery Disease
Narrowing of the major arteries in the neck due to plaque buildup, increasing stroke risk. -
Intracranial Stenosis
Narrowing of arteries inside the brain, restricting blood flow.
Causes and Risk Factors
Several factors increase the risk of cerebrovascular diseases:
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Atherosclerosis: Buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) in arteries
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High Blood Pressure: Puts extra strain on blood vessels
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Uncontrolled Diabetes: Damages blood vessels over time
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High Cholesterol: Leads to artery blockages
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Smoking: Weakens and narrows blood vessels
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Heart Conditions: Especially atrial fibrillation, which increases clot risk
Symptoms to Watch For
Symptoms vary depending on the type of cerebrovascular disease, but common warning signs include:
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Stroke Symptoms: Sudden numbness or weakness (especially on one side), trouble speaking, confusion, vision problems, dizziness
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Aneurysm Symptoms: Sudden, severe headache, nausea, vision loss, loss of consciousness
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Brain Bleed: Headache, vomiting, stiff neck, trouble walking
If you or someone else experiences these symptoms, call emergency services immediately every second counts.
How Is It Diagnosed?
Doctors may use a variety of tests to diagnose cerebrovascular disease:
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MRI or CT Scan: Imaging of the brain to detect stroke, bleeding, or blockages
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Blood Tests: To check cholesterol levels, blood sugar, and clotting ability
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Cerebral Angiography: A special X-ray that uses contrast dye to show blood vessels in the brain
Prevention Tips
The good news is that many cerebrovascular diseases are preventable. You can reduce your risk by:
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Controlling blood pressure and cholesterol
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Managing diabetes
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Quitting smoking
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Exercising regularly
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Eating a heart-healthy diet
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Monitoring heart health
Conclusion
Cerebrovascular disease is serious but often preventable. By understanding the risks, recognizing the symptoms, and taking proactive steps, you can protect your brain and overall health. Stay informed, stay healthy.
For Enquiries: cardiologysupport@
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